The Impact of GLP-1 on Autophagy During Fasting
Introduction
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a gastrointestinal peptide and central mediator of glucose metabolism, plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels and insulin secretion. When we consume food, GLP-1 is secreted by L cells in the intestine, triggered by nutrient sensing via transporters and G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) (Kim et al., 2022). However, adults with obesity/overweight (OW) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) often have altered GLP-1 secretion patterns, which can impact glucose homeostasis (Liebenguth et al., 2018).The Relationship Between GLP-1 and Autophagy
Impact of Fasting on GLP-1 Secretion and Autophagy
Intermittent fasting (IF) and caloric restriction have been recognized as potent stimulators of autophagy, which can lead to various health benefits, including improved insulin sensitivity and reduced inflammation (Castillo et al., 2018). The combination of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) with fasting may preserve lean mass, improve psychological autonomy, and reduce healthcare costs, as suggested by mechanistic studies (Decio, 2022). Research studies have shown that: * GLP-1RAs can enhance insulin sensitivity and reduce body weight, suggesting a potential role in the management of T2DM (Lindsay et al., 2018). * Intermittent fasting can increase autophagy and improve insulin sensitivity, particularly in muscle and adipose tissue (Pedersen et al., 2019). * GLP-1 can modulate autophagy in pancreatic β-cells, improving glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and β-cell function (Kim et al., 2022). * The combination of GLP-1RAs and fasting may upregulate autophagy and improve cellular clearance, leading to enhanced metabolic health (Castillo et al., 2018).Conclusion
